Blockchain is a decentralized and transparent digital ledger that records transactions in a secure and immutable manner. It is the underlying technology behind cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and has broader applications beyond digital currencies.
At its core, a blockchain is a chain of blocks, where each block contains a list of transactions. These transactions are validated and added to the blockchain through a consensus mechanism, typically involving a network of computers known as nodes. Once a block is added to the chain, it becomes permanent and cannot be altered retroactively without consensus from the network.
The unique feature of blockchain is its decentralized nature. Instead of relying on a central authority, such as a bank or government, the blockchain operates on a peer-to-peer network. This distributed network ensures that no single entity has control over the entire system, making it resistant to manipulation or fraud. It also enhances security since altering a single block would require tampering with the entire chain, which is computationally difficult and easily detectable.
Another important aspect of blockchain is its transparency. All transactions recorded on the blockchain are visible to all participants in the network, promoting trust and accountability. However, while the transactions are visible, the identities of the participants can be pseudonymous, adding a layer of privacy.
Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize various industries beyond finance, such as supply chain management, healthcare, voting systems, and more. Its secure and transparent nature opens up possibilities for creating decentralized applications and smart contracts, enabling automation and reducing reliance on intermediaries.